Cognitive Disorders
Lexicon’s LX6171 drug candidate is intended to improve cognitive function by targeting a membrane protein exclusively expressed in the central nervous system.
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About the Disease
There is a range of disorders characterized by cognitive impairment, such as Alzheimer disease, schizophrenia and vascular dementia. Cognitive disorders significantly impair memory and other mental functions, and are often progressively debilitating. Alzheimer’s disease is an irreversible, progressive brain disorder that develops gradually, but eventually results in profound changes such as memory loss, behavioral and personality changes, and disordered thought processes. It is the most common cause of dementia in people aged 65 years and older.
About the Market
Alzheimer's disease affects 4.5 million Americans, and the number of cases continues to rise as the population ages. Vascular dementia is the second most common cause of dementia in the elderly, accounting for 20% of all dementia cases. Cognitive impairment is also a critical issue for the millions of Americans suffering from some forms of schizophrenia.
The treatments currently available for neurological diseases are among the most frequently prescribed drugs in the United States. According to Med Ad News, Americans spent $3.7 billion on drug treatments for Alzheimer’s disease in 2006, whereas spending on drugs for schizophrenia treatment was nearly four times as much at $14.7 billion.
The Lexicon Solution
Using its gene knockout technology, Lexicon has identified a potential new mechanism to improve cognitive function. In Phase 1 clinical trials, LX6171 was well tolerated and achieved good systemic exposure. A Phase 2a trial to test the safety, tolerability, and effects on cognition was initiated in November 2007.